[26]

+

FAS

[39]

+

36 to 37 weeks 3100 g

At death growth was 10th % and HC was 5th %

SPL, hypertelorism, midfacial hypoplasia, high arched palate

Microencephaly, small anteriorly fused frontal lobes⁶

FAS

[31]

+

32 weeks 1300 g

None

Microphthalmia, cleft palate

Agenesis of corpus callosum⁷

FAS

[28]

+

FAS

[40]

+

32 weeks

prenatal growth deficiency

SPL, maxillary hypoplasia

Microcephaly⁸

FAS

[40]

+

Term 3200 g

None

SPL, maxillary hypoplasia, EF, and micrognathia

Hydrocephalus at birth, no cranial nerve function, hypotonia, areflexia⁹

FASD/

ARND

[41]

+

“Typical facial anomalies”

Mild hydrocephalus internus, multiple heterotopic gyri of white matter of cerebellum

FAS

[41]

+

“Typical facial anomalies”

Severely mentally disabled, partial fusion of the 3rd ventricle¹⁰

FAS

[41]

+

“Typical facial anomalies”

Extreme brain malformations, absent corpus callosum¹¹

FAS

[42]

+

34 weeks 1640 g

WT and HT at 10th % for 34 weeks, HC 10% - 25th %

SPL, microphthalmia, low nasal bridge with upturned nose, narrow face with triangular chin

None reported

FAS

[43]

+

3600 g

None

SPL, TUL, hypoplastic philtrum, short anteverted nose, and micrognathia

Mental retardation

FAS

[44]

+

40 weeks

prenatal growth deficiency

SPL, EF, small lips, micrognathia, small mandible, posteriorly rotated ears

Microcephaly, occasional glial meningeal heterotopias, cortical cerebellar heterotopias¹²

FAS

[45]

+

34 weeks 1780 g

WT and HT 10th %, HC <3 % at birth

SPL, long, FP, micrognathia, low-set ears, short upturned nose, flat nasal bridge, and high-arched palate

Opisthotonic posturing, increased tone, brisk deep tendon reflexes, absent social smile at 7 weeks

FAS

[46]

Microencephaly, agenesis of corpus callosum¹³

FAS

[46]

Microencephaly, severe glioneuronal heterotopias in over normal cortex

FAS

[47]

+

35 weeks 1450 g

At birth WT, HT, HC <10th %

SPL, FP, TUL, broad nose, low set ears, midface hypoplasia, hypertelorism

Pachygyria, triphyllocephaly semilobar holoprosencephaly

FAS

[48]

+

40 weeks 1970 g

Present

Present

Present

FAS

[48]

+

32 weeks 2110 g

Present

Present

Present

FAS

[48]

+

36 weeks 2420 g

Present

Present

Present

FAS

[49]

+

36 weeks 1500 g

Severe growth impairment

Moderately pronounced cranial dysmorphism

4 mamillary bodies At 4 months brain weight 472 g

FAS

[50]

+

1440 g

Brain hemorrhage

FAS

[51]

+

None reported

Dysmorphic facies

Psychomotor retardation

FAS

[52]

+

28 weeks

Flat nose, cleft lip and palate, hypertelorism

Microcephaly, Hypotonia, recurrent myoclonic seizures, alobar holoprosencephaly¹⁴

Possible FAS

[53]

+

WT <10th %, HC <50th %

FP, SPL, ptosis

Mental retardation

FAS

[54]

+

1446 g

EF, hypertelorism, facial asymmetry, esotropia

Occipital cavernous hemangioma delayed/speech and development

FAS

[22]

FAS